Progressivism+and+Teddy+Roosevelt+(1902-1907)

Progressivism and Teddy Roosevelt 1902-1907 by GROUP E  [|Introduction to Progressivism] __**Progressivi **____**sm **__ :
 * social movement led by middle-class Americans wanting to reform different parts of society
 * Supporters/Activists
 * middle-class urbanites
 * white-collar office workers (doctors/lawyers/middle-managers)
 * Protestant church leaders [[image:http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ohq/107.2/images/palmateer_fig02b.jpg width="506" height="331" align="right"]]
 * African Americans
 * union leaders
 * feminists
 * lasted through presidencies of:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Taft (1909-1913)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Wilson’s 1st term (1913-1917)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">died down with entry into WWI in 1919
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Concerned with:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">growth of big business
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">gap b/w rich and poor
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">conflict b/w labor and capital
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">corrupt political machines
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Jim Crow laws
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">women’s suffrage/suffering democracy
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Philosophy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">govt action would correct society’s and economy’s problems
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">honest government and just laws needed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">balanced pragmatism (practicality) in approach to morals, ideas, and knowledge
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">challenge traditional views that blocked reform
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">challenged impractical laissez-faire principles
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Goals
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">limit big business power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">lessen gap b/w rich and poor
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">improve democracy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">strengthen social justice

media type="youtube" key="tT7tIE5qTLQ" height="344" width="425" WATCH and LEARN about Progressive Programs!

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(231, 35, 35); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 190%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">__**Reforms:**__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> photo from: "How the Other Half Lives" >> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(30, 41, 179);">Social Reforms: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Journalism<span style="background-color: rgb(218, 62, 213);">
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Muckraking
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Investigative journalists seeking to uncover true stories in order to inform the public about issues concerning government, economics, and health [[image:http://www.solomonscandals.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/image11.png width="246" height="371" align="right"]]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Works were found in magazines:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">McClure’s Magazine
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Stories were also found in books:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">T//he Shame of Cities//- Lincoln Steffens (1904)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">The corrupt politics in cities
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">H//ow the Other Half Lives-// Jacob Riis (1890)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Photojournal about poverty in America
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">//The History of the Standard Oil Company//- Ida Tarbell (1902)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">**Link to an online version of the book:**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">http://www.history.rochester.edu/fuels/tarbell/MAIN.HTM
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">The Jungle- Upton Sinclair
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Horrors of the meatpacking industry
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">yellow journalism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">exaggerated stories about foreign affairs with Cuba
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Inspired laws to be made to fix the wrongs of society
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(231, 35, 35);">Political Reforms:
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/1900_New_York_polling_place.jpg width="349" height="291" align="right" caption="New York Polling Place"]]<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">State Reforms
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Secret Ballot
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Allowed voters to vote for who they wanted since the votes could not be traced back to the vote
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Direct Primary <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">A new method of nominating party candidates, thus giving the people more involvement in government <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Direct Election of U.S. senators <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">17th amendment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">required senators to be elected by popular vote <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Initiative, Referendum, Recall
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">initative: Allowed voters to make legislature consider bills
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">referendum: Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">recall: Allowed voters to remove politicians from office
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Ideas introduced by Hiram Johnson of California
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Many ideas introduced by Robert La Follette of Wisconsin who advocated strongly for the reform of politics with the ”Wisconsin Idea”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">City Reforms
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">City control of public utilities such as energy and transportation, rather then private companies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Creation of positions such as city manager to prevent political machines from taking over cities
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Temperance and prohibition
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">“drys” advocated for the abolition of alcohol to protect morals and prevent corruption
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">succeeded in passing the 18th Amendment which outlawed alcohol in the U.S.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Social Welfare
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Settlement houses
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Provided benefits for immigrants in the working class
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Jane Addams – Hull house [see below]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">African American Rights
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">//The Souls of Black Folk// (1903)-W.E.B. Du Bois
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Criticized the passive ways of Booker T Washington
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Demanded equal political and social rights for African Americans immediately
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Niagara Movement
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Group of black intellectuals, including Du Bois, that designed a program to gain equal[[image:http://www.american-architecture.info/USA/CHICAGO/CHIC-LS/041-hull1a.gif width="354" height="266" align="left"]] rights for blacks

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<span style="font-size: 190%; color: rgb(30, 41, 179);">
 * <span style="font-size: 40%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Settlement Housing: HULL HOUSE __<span style="font-size: 40%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">

Theodore Roosevelt__** : <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Was President from 1901-1909 but remained involved in politics after that
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">TR created the Progressive Party in 1912
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Began many Progressive Reforms during his presidency
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Enthralling personality
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Square Deal
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">TR sided with the coal miners during a strike (wanted 8 hour work day and higher wages) in 1902 stating that if the mine owners did not abide by the miners wishes 10,000 federal troops would take over the land
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Significant because it was a rare occasion for the President to side with the workers as opposed to the big business because at this time big business was very involved in Politics
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">It was new and it created a new trend of Presidents looking at both sides instead of just siding with the big businesses
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">Trust-busting[[image:http://www.thesmartasset.com/teddy-roosevelt-standard-oil450.jpg width="259" height="302" align="left"]]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">The idea of dissolving the monopolies held by big businesses to provide more competition in the economy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">1902- TR ordered the $400 million Northern Securities Company dissolved
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">TR’s main goal with trust-busting was not to get rid of large corporations but to regulate them
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Significant because up until now presidents sided with the big corporations and let them do as they pleased because they provided the government with money (again what TR did here was new and progressive)

media type="youtube" key="TvZP93XqyTw" height="344" width="425" <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">
 * __<span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Reforms __
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);"><span style="color: rgb(30, 41, 179);">R <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(30, 41, 179);">a ilroad Regulation
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Took power away from the railroads and gave it to the ICC
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Elkins Act (1903)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Gave Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) power to stop railroads from granting rebates
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Hepburn Act (1906)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Gave Interstate Commerce Commission the power to fix “just and reasonable” rates for railroads
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Pure Food and Drug Act
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">An act passed by TR in an attempt to better the state of food, especially meat
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">It forbade the manufacture, sale or transportation of mislabeled food or drugs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">It helped keep only healthy and good food in the markets which in turn kept people healthy
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Meat Inspection Act
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">An act passed by TR in an attempt to better the meat packing industry which was processing and selling unsanitary meat, this was exposed in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">The act stated that federal inspectors would visit meatpacking plants to ensure that they met the minimum standards of sanitation
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Conservation
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">During TR’s presidency one of his progressive movements was to conserve and preserve the wilderness and its resources
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">He protected natural resources in 3 main ways
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Used Federal Reserve Act (1891) to set aside 150 million acres of land as national reserve
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) providing money for the sale of public land for irrigation projects[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/TR-Enviro.JPG width="326" height="503" align="right"]]
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">1908 TR held a conference about Conservation at the White House and a National Conservation Commission was created under Gifford Pinchot (who was earlier appointed to be the director of the US Forest Service by TR)

media type="google" key="-4129489842076573204&hl=en&fs=true" width="400" height="326" Actual footage of Teddy Roosevelt!!! (no sound)