Creation+of+The+New+Government

Creation of The New Government
 * 1. Early seeds of Democracy in the Colonies:
 * a. Virginia House of Burgesses
 * b. Mayflower Compact
 * c. New England Town Meetings
 * d. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
 * 2. Continental Congress: writes Articles of Confederation (first American Constitution)
 * a. Problems of the Articles:
 * i. Each state given only one vote in congress
 * ii. No executive enforcement established
 * iii. No national courts system to settle disputes
 * iv. Congress had no power to levy taxes/regulate state commerce
 * v. Congress had no army, could only borrow state troops
 * 3. Shay’s Rebellion: proves weakness of Articles of Confederation because Articles did not establish a military power of the government for enforcement of government measures
 * 4. Annapolis Convention: Maryland holds convention → people decide they want to revise the Articles of Confederation at next convention (The Constitutional Convention)
 * 5. Constitutional Convention: (Independence Hall, Philadelphia) framers got together to revise the Articles of Confederation and decide to draw up entirely new document (the Constitution)
 * a. Compromises of the Constitution
 * i. The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise): debate over representation in Congress between large and small states; solution: representation in House of Representatives based on population, representation in Senate equal among all states
 * ii. 3/5 Compromise: 3/5 of slave population of a state would be counted when calculating the number of state representatives in the House of Representatives
 * iii. Indirect Election of President: Electoral college established to elect president; helped quell quarrels between aristocrats and democrats over election of president
 * b. Framers (founding fathers):
 * 6. Layout of Government decided by Constitutional Convention:
 * a. 3 branches
 * i. Legislative: Congress makes laws concerning: money, commerce, courtsm war, armed forces, immigration, and taxation; Congress has power to override presidential veto with a 2/3 vote
 * ii. Executive: headed by the president, enforces laws, and face of America in foreign policy situations
 * iii. Judicial: Supreme Court, determines Constitutionality of laws and interpretation of the Constitution
 * 7. Bill of Rights (beginning 10 amendments of Constitution added in 1791); States refused to ratify Constitution until Founding Fathers promised to add Bill of Rights
 * a. 10 Amendments:
 * i. freedom of speech, press, religion
 * ii. right to bear arms
 * iii. no quartering soldiers in the homes of Americans without their consent
 * iv. no unlawful search of a person or their property
 * v. right to know reason for arrest
 * vi. right to a quick and speedy trial by jury
 * vii. right to a jury in a civil trial
 * viii. no cruel, unusual punishment, and reasonable bail
 * ix. all rights in Constitution should ever be upheld
 * x. powers not specified in the Constitution are reserved for states and the people
 * 8. Growth of Federal Government
 * a. Cabinet: George Washington established group of individuals to advise him; each president chooses their own
 * b. Loose Interpretation versus Strict Interpretation
 * i. Alexander Hamilton started loose interpretation of Constitution to promote government power[[image:alexander_hamilton.jpg width="54" height="76"]]
 * ii. Thomas Jefferson started strict interpretation of the Constitution to advocate for greater power of the people and state[[image:**00000.gif width="67" height="86"]]
 * c. Judiciary Act of 1789: established federal court system/SCOTUS (Supreme Court of the United States)
 * d. Chief Justice John Marshall: one of the first Supreme court justices; made supreme court decisions that supported the authority and power of the central government
 * i. Court Cases during this time that shaped government power:
 * 1. Marbury v. Madison : Judicial review of Supreme Court established
 * 2. Dartmouth College v. Woodward: private chartered corporations are protected by the constitution
 * 3. McCullough v. Maryland: cited elastic clause to state government could carry out legitimate acts not called for in the Constitution for the good of the nation; also extended reign of the elastic clause to state-federal relations > enhanced federal power
 * 4. Gibbons v. Ogden: right of federal government to regulate interstate commerce
 * e. Foreign Relations: George Washington declared neutrality almost immediately in relation to the Wars of the French Revolution

Constitutional Youtube! (please look, it's worth it!!) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFotzl2Y1MM

thank you so much for the photos flickr!
 * http://www.flickr.com/photos/deegs/2299181714/
 * http://www.flickr.com/photos/grooveb/406837268/

thanks for the images google!
 * http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thewashingtonnote.com/alexander%2520hamilton.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thewashingtonnote.com/archives/2009/03/alexander_hamil/&usg=__vywqF3BlOGAwtTVoyX2OAlBJgm4=&h=427&w=274&sz=59&hl=en&start=2&sig2=ArfE8UBRCePfN9Xr3rJ8Ow&um=1&tbnid=w3Dqe4pgCnioEM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalexander%2Bhamilton%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&ei=O5XySe3_Cpi0NbKqhLEP__//
 * //__http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http:__//__home.att.net/~jrhsc/thomas_jefferson.gif&imgrefurl=http://home.att.net/~jrhsc/jeff.html&usg=__PrQvpHviAD_HQHSAzgTPXBszN5c=&h=372&w=284&sz=89&hl=en&start=9&sig2=k9RPqKYg7hzq6sY8Wp1d4Q&um=1&tbnid=Fj8sqyn87AH-aM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthomas%2Bjefferson%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&ei=xZXySZfoHIueMrOk4bAP

http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html <<<check out our constitution here!