Neutrality+and+World+War+I-+America's+Involvement


 * Neutrality and World War I- America's Involvement** toc

 =Start of war= June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo July 23 Austria issues ultimatum to Serbia

July 25 Serbia responds to ultimatum; Austrian ambassador to Serbia immediately leaves Belgrade France promises support to Russia in the event of war

July 28 Austria declares war on Serbia

July 30 Russia orders general mobilization of troops

August 1 Germany declares war on Russia France and Germany order general mobilization

August 3 Germany declares war on France

August 4 Britain declares war on Germany

//Allied Powers vs. Central Powers// - Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan - Central: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey

=Neutrality = Wilson tried to keep the US neutral during the initial years of the war. America’s policy of neutral trading ultimately collapsed as Britain’s blockade of Germany forced the US to trade mainly with the Allies.

Problems with Neutrality
Problems with Neutrality A. Submarines – British navy blockades German ports, u-boats only way to fight back 1. Lusitania a. May 7, 1915- Germans sank British passenger ship  Wilson Declares war in April 1917 and joined Allies
 * 1) 128 Americans died
 * 2) Economic ties (America was in a recession – JP Morgan and bankers were loan money)
 * 3) Trade with France and Britain
 * 4) The Zimmerman Telegram
 * 5) British disclosed the contents of an intercepted German telegram promising to expand Mexican territory if Mexico invaded the US. This outraged Americans and put more pressure on Wilson to declare war on Germany.

=US at Home during War = = = media type="youtube" key="LTPYDVdBjAI" height="344" width="425"
 * 1)  Mobilization
 * 2)  Wilson administration immediately took several steps necessary to fight
 * 3) Liberty Bonds
 * 4) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Bonds that were sold by the U.S. government during World War I to help raise funds for the war. [[image:0000-6349-4~WWI-Fight-Or-Buy-Liberty-Bonds-Posters.jpg align="right"]]
 * 5) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Collection billions of dollars in new taxes
 * 6) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> War Boards
 * 7) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">In 1916 the Army Appropriation Act established the Council of National Defense
 * 8) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">To oversee production of food, fuel and railroads during war
 * 9) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The War Industries Board
 * 10) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Organized and coordinated military purchases beginning in 1917
 * 11) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> The National War Labor Board
 * 12) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Settled disputes between labor and industry starting in 1918
 * 13) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Committee on Public Information
 * 14) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> George Creel produced propaganda in favor of the war effort.
 * 15) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Espionage and Sedition Acts
 * 16) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Banned public criticism of governmental policy during the war. More than 1,000 people received convictions under these acts/
 * 17) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Anything against America can be jailed
 * 18) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Targeted anti-war socialists and union leaders
 * 19) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Domestic Labor
 * 20) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">War brought changes in work force.
 * 21) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Millions of working men flowed into the armed forces and a reduction in immigration resulted in LABOR SHORTAGES.
 * 22) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> However, white women, African Americans and workers of other races and ethnicities took jobs formerly held by white men
 * 23) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Women in Labor Force
 * 24) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Women took jobs previously held by men (only held during war)
 * 25) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Loading docks, operating heavy machinery and working on the railroads
 * 26) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Joined labor unions even though the AFL opposed the entry of women into workplace

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

media type="youtube" key="kZPiaSYmj_4" height="344" width="425"

=  <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">US fighting in World War I =

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * 1) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">US in World War I
 * 2) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Effect of U.S. Forces
 * 3) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">General John J Pershing commanded the American Expeditionary Force sent to assist the British and French in Europe in 1917.
 * 4) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Did not participate in fighting until 1918 when they helped achieve an Allied victory at the Second Battle of Marne
 * 5) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Wilson's Fourteen Points
 * 6) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">[[image:League_of_Nations_cartoon_from_Punch_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16619.png width="267" height="336" align="right"]]January 8, 1918, Wilson delivered a speech to Congress
 * 7) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">“make the world safe for democracy” – goal to prevent war
 * 8) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Open diplomacy
 * 9) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Freedom of seas
 * 10) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Reduce military
 * 11) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Free Trade
 * 12) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> League of Nations
 * 13) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> “To mediate future disputes and protect countries”
 * 14) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">“Political independence and territorial integrity”
 * 15) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> The Paris Peace Conference
 * 16) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> December 1918- Paris Peace Conference
 * 17) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> US, France, Britain and Italy (Big Four)
 * 18) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> June 1919- Treaty of Versailles
 * 19) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Required Germany to:
 * 20) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Accept full responsibility for the war
 * 21) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Pay $33 billion in reparations for the entire cost of the war
 * 22) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Accept a foreign troop presence for fifteen years
 * 23) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Cede some of its territory[[image:RS014.JPG align="right"]]
 * 24) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Abandon its colonies overseas
 * 25) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Divided the former Ottoman Empire in the Near and Middle East between Britain and France and established Wilson’s League of Nations
 * 26) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> iii. Controversy
 * 27) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Wilson presented the Treaty to Senate in 1919 but encountered much opposition.
 * 28) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and allies denounced treaty because he disliked League of Nations
 * 29) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> “Irreconcilables” objected to any American participation in the League

[|U.S. Involvement Chart!]